Diversity of some mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit germplasm in Myanmar.
Htwe Min Thant, Than Than Nu, Maung Maung Thein
Author Affiliation: Horticulture Section, Department of Agricultural Research, Myanmar.
Proceedings of the Seventh Agricultural Research Conference, Yezin Agricultural University, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, 10-11 January 2013 : 140-149
Abstract : Myanmar has a long history of fruit growing. Due to its diversified climatic conditions, various tropical, subtropical as well as temperate fruits are flourishing throughout the country. In Myanmar, the specific attempt on experimental study of mango fruit germplasm was rarely found. To determine the variability and diversity of existing mango germplasm and to observe the superior quality of mango germplasm among 77 germplasm conserved under Horticulture Section, Department of Agricultural Research (DAR), Yezin. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. Diversity of mango fruit germplasm was estimated using cluster and principle component analysis (PCA). The 77 mango fruit germplasm were grouped into 7 clusters based on 9 traits. Cluster VII included only one germplasm (satenoet) which had distinct fruit shape among 77 germplasm. Cluster II and III contained the maximum number of germplasm (26) and (27). Most of germplasm were distributed within these two clusters. Cluster I contained (5) germplasm with larger fruit size and cluster V included (3) germplasm with bigger stone size and sweeter taste among 77 mango fruit germplasm. In cluster VI, desirable traits for consumers such as relatively higher brix % and smaller stone traits were observed. In PCA analysis the mango fruit germplasm such as Singaung, Sinpaung, SB-8, Gyoyote, Shwewar, EB-2, Myakyauk, Taiwan, Satenoet, Wettakaut, Lanemaw, TLTD, ND 12 etc. separately isolated from others and they were away from centroid such germplasms indicated their uniqueness and divergence with respect to the measured traits. Most of the maximum cluster mean value of fruit and stone characters, and brix % were observed in cluster I and V. It was also observed that other cluster were comprised medium fruit and stone character and brix % among the germplasm. All of the traits except brix % were highly positive correlated with each others. It is expected that these findings will fulfill at least one corner of mango germplasm conservation and fruit improvement program. Some collected mango fruit germplasm exhibit high potential as a genetic base for fruit improvement programs.