Hot-water quarantine treatment for mangoes from Mexico infested with Mexican fruit fly and West Indian fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae).
Sharp J. L., Ouye M. T., Ingle S. J., Hart W. G.
Author Affiliation: Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, ARS, USDA, Miami, FL 33158, USA.
Journal of Economic Entomology 82 : 1657-1662
Abstract : Heated water was used in the development of a quarantine treatment to kill Anastrepha ludens and A. obliqua in mango. Mangoes from Mexico were infested in the laboratory and immersed in water at 46.1°C for 10-70 min to estimate time-mortality relationships. Probit analysis of the data estimated the immersion time needed to reach Probit 9 security for a laboratory strain of A. ludens as 65.1 min for mixed cultivars (Haden, Tommy Atkins, Keitt and Kent). For a feral strain in Haden, the estimated immersion time was 71.4 min. The estimated immersion times for Probit 9 security for A. obliqua in Kent were 66.8 min for a laboratory strain and 83.6 min for a wild strain. A large-scale test resulted in no survivors based on number of normal pupae when 187?114 A. ludens (laboratory) in 4864 Keitt and Oro, 226?054 A. ludens (wild) in 5530 Haden and Tommy Atkins, 116?869 A. obliqua (wild) in 7703 Kent and 101?049 A. obliqua (laboratory) in 8775 Keitt, Haden and Tommy Atkins were immersed in water at 46.1°C for 90 min. The market quality of mangoes immersed in water at 46.1°C depended on cultivar, size and shape, maturity, and handling procedures. Oro mangoes immersed in water for 75 min were not damaged. The percentage of acceptable Oro immersed for 90, 105 and 120 min was reduced to 80, 85 and 15, resp. Kent, Tommy Atkins and Keitt mangoes immersed in water at 46.1°C for 90 min and refrigerated at 11.1°C for 7, 11 and 14 days were not damaged. Haden mangoes immersed in water at 46.1°C for 90 min, not refrigerated, and held at 23.9±1°C were acceptable for 12 days.