Mango breeding for resistance to diseases and pests.
Rossetto C. J., Ribeiro I. J. A., Gallo P. B., Soares N. B., Sabino J. C., Martins A. L. M., Bortoletto N., Paulo E. M.
Author Affiliation: Instituto Agronômico, C.P. 28, Campinas SP, 13.001-970, Brazil.
: 299-304
Abstract : The objectives of the mango breeding programme at the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) for pest and disease resistance are discussed. The programme aims to obtain polyembryonic rootstocks resistant to Ceratocystis fimbriata (the causal agent of wilt), and to distribute at least 10 resistant rootstocks to avoid genetic vulnerability. It also aims to obtain mono- or polyembryonic varieties for utilization as crown, with good productivity and fruit taste, and resistance to wilt, powdery mildew (Oidium mangiferae), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) [Glomerella cingulata] and fruit-flies. The first cultivar derived from this programme, IAC 100 Bourbon, was distributed to farmers on 8 December, 1989. It is a resistant mutant of the popular table variety Bourbon, which had been eliminated by wilt. Two C. fimbriata resistant rootstocks, IAC 101 Coquinho and IAC 102 Touro, were distributed on 12 January, 1994. Four new varieties, including 2 crowns, IAC 103 Mococa and IAC 105 Campinas, and 2 rootstocks, IAC 104 Dura and IAC 106 Jasmin, were scheduled for distribution on 9 January, 1998. Three other crown varieties, IAC 107 Tietê, IAC 108 Pindorama and IAC 109 Votuporanga are being prepared for distribution. Mutants with resistance to wilt were relatively easily obtained from susceptible polyembryonic varieties. The distributed varieties are not resistant to all diseases and pests. The early table varieties (IAC 103 Mococa and IAC 107 Tietê) have sufficient natural resistance against fruit-fly damage, but the late varieties (IAC 105 Campinas and IAC 109 Votuporanga) are more susceptible to damage, which needs to be controlled.