Somatic embryogenesis in mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties.
Rajmohan K., Sulekha G. R., Bindu C. P., Ramesh P., Kumari S. S., Sunita S.
Author Affiliation: College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 522, India.
: 97-102
Abstract : Techniques could be standardized for the induction, initiation, maturation and germination of somatic embryoids from the nucellar tissue isolated from 30-45 day old fruits of mono embryonic mango variety Neelum and poly embryonic variety Vellari Manga. The treatment half strength Murashige and Skoog basal medium containing 2,4-D 5.0 mgl-1, GA3 5.0 mgl-1, glutamine 400 mgl-1, coconut water 200 mll-1, activated charcoal 500 mgl-1, sucrose 60 gl-1 and agar gl-1 was found to be the best in induction of embryogenic callus. The treatment 2,4-D 4.0 mgl-1+BA 1.0 mgl-1+GA3 5.0 mgl-1 in half strength MS basal medium supplemented with glutamine 400 mgl-1, casein hydrolysate 500 mgl-1, sucrose 60.0 gl-1, coconut water 200 mll-1 and agar 6.0 gl-1 was the best in initiating somatic embryos from the induced nucellus of the three varieties. In the variety Neelum BA (8.0 and 16.0 mgl-1) and kinetin (8.0 to 32.0 mgl-1) were as effective as 2,4-D in inducing somatic embryogenesis. Polyembryonic variety Vellari Manga showed better response to induction treatments than the mono embryonic varieties. B5 major salts with MS minor salts in combination with 40 gl-1 sucrose, 10 gl-1 PVP, 200 mll-1 coconut water, 5.0 mgl-1 ABA, 100 mgl-1 casein hydrolysate and 6.0 gl-1 agar were the best suited for the maturation of the somatic embryos. The positive influence of cobalt chloride, casein hydrolysate and coconut water on the germination of embryoids of both mono and poly embryonic mango varieties could be well established. A basal medium consisting of B5 major salts and MS minor salts supported the highest percentage of germination of somatic embryoids in Neelum and Vellari Manga. However, abnormalities in germination were observed in most of the cases. Excellent germination of somatic embryos was observed in a liquid medium consisting of half strength B5 macro salts and full strength MS micro salts and supplemented with GA3 1.0 mgl-1+glutamine 400 mgl-1+sucrose 30 gl-1.