Studies on physico-chemical properties of Alphonso mango.
Badhe V. T., Pratap Singh, Powar A. G., Bhatt Y. C.
Author Affiliation: Department of Agril. Engineering, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli - 415 712, Dist-Ratnagiri, India.
Orissa Journal of Horticulture 35 : 21-30
Abstract : Mango is a king of fruits commercially grown in Konkan region of Maharashtra. India's export is largely confined to a single variety 'Alphonso', where as share of other varieties is not very significant. Indian exporters are facing growing competition in foreign market due to increasing consumer demand for high quality product. The quality of mango for export is judged on the basis of size, weight, maturity, TSS, acidity, specific gravity, firmness and attractive golden yellow colour on ripining. In order to select good quality fruits for export, there was a strong felt need to determine physico-chemical properties of 'Alphonso' mango. As a result, the physical and chemical properties of Alphonso mango at harvest and at ripe stage were determined. The mangoes were assigned five grades according to weight viz. Grade - 1 (>300 g), Grade II (250-229 g), Grade - III (200-249 g), Grade - IV (200 g) and Grade - V (175 g->325 g), respectively. The physical properties like weight, volume, density, length, breadth, thickness, pulp containt, peel and stone weight and their ratios, physiological loss in weight and the chemical properties like moisture content, T.S.S., starch, reducing sugar, total sugar, acidity, pH, ascorbic acid and ?-carotene were determined. The respresentative properties of export grade Alphonso mango which is weighing 250±25 g are listed below. The study indicated that the average fruit weight in export grade were 273 g at harvest and 242 g at ripe stage, respectively. The volume of the fruit was recorded as 258 cc and 220 cc, specific gravity (1.025 and 1.092), average length (96.02 and 94.62 mm), at harvest and at ripe stage, respectively. The physiological loss in weight was recorded 11.60 per cent on ripening. The ripe fruits contains average pulp weight of 149.67 g. The pulp weight to fruit weight ratio was 0.56. The chemical compostion for export grade Alphonso mango at harvest and ripe stage were also determined. The results revealed that the moisture content changes from 82.76 to 81.41 per cent from harvest to ripe stage. T.S.S. from 8.33 to 18.18°Brix, starch - 11.47 per cent to nil, Reducing sugar - 2.43 to 4.82 per cent, Non reducing Sugar - 2.10 to 11.00 per cent, Total sugar - 4.53 to 15.82 per cent, Ascorbic add - 79.80 to 65.50 mg/100 g, Tanin from 153.58 to 64.17 mg/100 g and ?-carotene from 320 to 11785 µg/100 g from harvest to ripe stage in Alphonso mango were observed, respectively. This information could be utilized either for export of mango or for designing the grader components.