Analysis of heterosis and level of dominance in F1-mango (Mangifera indica L.).
Sukartini, Taryono, Basunanda P., Harimurti R.
Author Affiliation: Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute, Jl. Raya Solok-Aripan, Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 7 : 743-749
Abstract : The magnitude of heterosis over mid-parent, height-parent, two standard varieties, and level of dominance were calculated in twelve mango hybrids derived from 'Arumanis' clone and red peel mangos ('Haden', 'Gedong Gincu', 'Keitt', 'Li'ar', 'Saigon', and 'Irwin') for eleven quality characters. The samples were observed toward four years old F1 were grafted on rootstock 'Madu' clone and planted in the field (Cukurgondang experimental station, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia). This study was conducted from July to October 2011. Observation on appearance of all F1 was shown that all characters were varies widely F1-5-Ar × GG was exhibited a higher mean value to parents, highest parent, or two standard varieties for fruit length and fruit diameter. F1-3-Ar × Hd, F1-4-Ar × Hd, F1-5-Ar × GG, F1-6-Ar × GG, F1-10-Ar × Sg, and F1-12-Ir × Ar were severe to mid parent, highest parent, and two standard varieties. Consecutively, peel and stone weight character: F1-2-Ar × Hd, F1-6-Ar × GG, F1-9-Ar × GG, and F1-11-Ir × Ar; including F1-5-Ar × GG, F1-6-Ar × GG were more meaningful than other progenies. F1-3-Ar × Hd, F1-4-Ar × Hd, F1-5-Ar × GG, F1-10-Ar × Sg, and F1-12-Ir × Ar attested that appearance of phenotypes significantly different to their both parents, highest parents, and two standard varieties. Further, an effort to improve sweetness through increase total soluble solids and decrease total acidity were fulfilled by crossing F1-1-Ar × Hd, F1-3-Ar × Hd, F1-6-Ar × GG, except F1-10-Ar × Sg was resulted no significant improvement upon these effort. Meanwhile, the only F1-8-Ar × Keitt which was escalated levels of vitamin C compared with both parents and did not quite mean to highest parent and standards variety 1. All the progenies were displayed no increase in ?-carotene and anthocyanins contain. The meaningful degree of dominance was over dominant positive to fruit length, fruit diameter, edible portion, total soluble solids (TSS), and vitamin C content. Over dominant positive and recessive partial to fruit weigh, over dominant negative to stone weight; and over dominant negative and recessive partial to peel weight, include total acidity characters.