Prospects of using protein hydrolastes for trapping and monitoring major fruit flies (Tephritidae: Diptera) in Sudan.
Mahmoud M. E. E., Kambal M. A. O., Abukashawa S. M. A.
Author Affiliation: Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan.
Persian Gulf Crop Protection 1 : 6-14
Abstract : True fruit flies belonging to family Tephritidae are serious pests that attack horticultural fruits causing severe economic losses worldwide and in Sudan. This study was carried out to assess the attraction performance of some food bait to fruit flies that infest guava and mango in Sudan during the production seasons of the year's 2007 and 2008. Torula yeast was used to monitor the relative abundance of fruit flies at Elfaki Hashim and Kassala on other hand the possibilities of extending the attractiveness of Torula yeast was evaluated for eight consecutive weeks. The performance of Ciprofloxacin as enhancer to the efficiency of Nulure and Mazoferm was assessed. Among the tested attractants Torula yeast significantly attracted the highest number of fruit flies at Elfaki Hashim and Abugebeiha during 2007 and 2008 compared to Nulure, GF-120 and AFFI bait. In 2008 the most dominant species in guava orchards at Elfaki Hashim were Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera invadens, C. cosyra and B. cucurbitae with relative abundance percentage 74.4, 21.7, 3.9 and 0.1% respectively. In 2009 the relative abundance percentages were 39.1, 32.1 and 18.1 for C. capitata, C. cosyra and B. invadens respectively. In Kassala state in 2008, B. invadens was the most dominant species (98%) decreased to 23% in 2009. The population of C. quinaria flared up from 0.5% in 2008 to 74.4% in 2009. Torula yeast was found attractive for eight consecutive weeks when appropriate amount of water added to traps to compensate the evaporated amount. Ciproflaxocine significantly enhanced the attraction capacity of Nulure and Mazoferm.